Thursday, November 28, 2019

Miniaturization

Miniaturisation is the process of continued minimisation of the sizes of devices and products. Hunt (1995) argues that miniaturisation is the ability to build smaller, lighter and stronger devices than before. The miniaturised devices are usually powerful and of a better quality than the predecessor versions.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Miniaturization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The best illustration of miniaturisation probably is in the technological development of computers. This is where the vacuum tubes were replaced with transistors. This led to the evolution of computers from the mainframe to personal computers, down to laptops and smart phones. In strategic management, the use of technology is almost indispensable. This means that the improvements in technology will certainly be reflected in the management of organisations. Miniaturising has had many positive effects in the management sector. On e of these benefits is portability. Electronic devices are becoming smaller and smaller with leaps and shifts in technology. This facilitates carrying around information required in management of organisations. It also decreases the transportation costs of devices (Hunt, 1995). Another advantage is that the devices are of a better quality. Their performance is enhanced; they are efficient; and they are appealing (Chris, 2000). No one can argue the fact that the cell phones, I pods, Modu mobiles, among others are more appealing than the traditional landline telephones. Miniaturisation also has negative impacts. The decreasing size of devices may be a positive and applauded aspect, but it can be a nightmare too. Key areas where Miniaturisation can impact on my life, my career and my future Privacy The reduction of the size of technological devices has made stalking and invasion of privacy an easy process. Clarke (n.d) asserts that intrusion has become more efficient and advanced than before with the aid of computers, certain programs, devices and the internet. The size of video cameras and phones can perform surveillance without the object surveillance unaware. Bennett and Grant (1998) observe that the price of these miniaturised devices is very affordable that almost anyone can afford them. These devices now form the novel, modern frontier of stalking. This means that individuals can take photos and videos of other individuals without not only their consent, but their knowledge too. In the hands of the wrong people, this can be a tool for blackmailing or embarrass people.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scenario: Assume a scenario in the workplace where an employee who happens to be an office snitch has in possession of a miniaturised video camera records another employee’s personal information, photos or a recording. Such an employee can use such information to embarrass the other employee, or even use it for blackmailing. Such instances will cause tension and discord in the workplace which can be such a big problem for the management to solve. Risks Likelihood Impact Level of Risk Opportunities Likelihood Impact Level of Risk 1. Tainting of reputation. 2. Threat of blackmail. 3. Discord in an organisation. 4. Improper use of information. 3 2 4 5 4 3 3 4 8 9 14 18 1. Easier communication in the organisation. 4 3 11 Likelihood: Very Unlikely-1, Most Likely-5 Impact: Negligable-1, Dramatic-5 The main negative impact of miniaturised devices is the use of information acquired unlawfully in a destructive way. Such occurrences in the work place can lead to unnecessary tension and discord among the employees. Ease in loss In the same way, miniaturised devices bring about ease in portability and storage. However, this also comes with the threat of easily losing these devices. The small size of phones, cameras, and video rec orders mean that they can easily drop without the owner realising. They are also delicate due to their small size and intricate designs. They can be easily destroyed when dropped or when excessive pressure is applied, which is unlike their predecessors that were more. When devices containing important organisational information get lost, that is a major loss to the organisation. Ease of comfort and ease of portability with miniaturised devices also means that there is ease of theft and getting lost (Butler, 2005). Scenario: Assume a scenario where an employee in the organisation is working on a certain project and saves the work in a flash disk. The employee forgets to have any backup anywhere else, and then accidentally loses the flash disk. It then becomes a temporary or even somewhat permanent setback to the organisation, depending on the degree of importance of the information therein. Risks Likelihood Impact Level of Risk 1.Property loss 2.Loss of vital information 3.Setba ck in organisational functions 4 3 4 4 2 4 13 9 14 Likelihood: Very Unlikely-1, Most Likely-5 Impact: Negligable-1, Dramatic-5Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Miniaturization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The size of the miniaturised devices poses a challenge in how safe they can be. It is very easy to lose vital organisational information which can result in a major setback especially when there was no back up. Lose of these devices also means financial loss since they are very costly due to their advanced nature. Distraction It is very clear that miniaturised technological devices are a source of wonder. This is in respect to how well they perform and the many functions those reduced-size devices can have. The devices are known to cause a lot of distraction to their users. Miniaturised devices, especially handsets and hand-free phones have a way of getting in the way of business at hand like driving, wo rking and other important activities. In a working setting, workers may lose concentration of important tasks and duties to surf the net on their miniaturised handsets. Brace, Young and Regan (2007), observe that mobile phone can have significant effects on the concentration of an individual and affect clear thinking. Scenario: Assume a scenario where a very critical task has been assigned to an individual in an organisation. Also, assume that this individual recently purchased a state of the art miniaturised device which has been the recipient of all the individual’s wonder and fascination, wonder and attention the past couple of days. Such an individual will waste a lot of time still familiarising with the device. In turn, he or she will hand in the assignment way past the deadline; or maybe the task will be very poorly done. This will of course reflect on the organisation at the end of the day as the results will be poor. Risks Likelihood Impact Level of risk Opportunit ies Likelihood Impact Level of risk Neglecting duties and tasks 4 4 7 1.Expansion of knowledge 2.Easier communication 4 3 3 4 16 15 Likelihood: Very Unlikely-1, Most Likely-5 Impact: Negligable-1, Dramatic-5 The miniaturised devices are a source of amazement to many. This may cause major distraction problems in the work place. Individuals may neglect duties to spend time on these devices. This leads to lower performance and results for the organisation.Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Response for the high priority risks associated with the major issues above 1. Privacy issues: Policies should be set in place in the organisation to protect and guard the privacy of individuals in the organisation. The management should take strategic measures to ensure that boundaries are not crossed. The human resource department should be very keen to mark individuals with tendencies of flouting this policy. 2. Information misuse: individuals who may wish to use sensitive information that they might have gathered about others should not have that chance. The organisation’s policies, rules and regulations governing the conduct of individuals should state definite penalties on such behaviours to discourage the occurrence. 3. Loss of devices: Miniaturised devices are expensive. Loss of such devices can cause an organisation a lot of funds. Individuals should thus be encouraged to be careful and keen when using them so as to minimise such loses. Fines should be charged upon l oss of such devices so that such loses are minimised. 4. Loss of critical information: members of an organisation dealing with critical information should always have some back up elsewhere to avoid setbacks in case the devices get lost. 5. Distraction: The importance of delivery of quality work and punctuality should be emphasized in the organisation so as to ensure that individuals give the best and that they avoid distractions that might deter them from delivering. Summary In conclusion, it is wise to note that miniaturisation is a continuous process that is not about to end anytime soon. The above issues are only the current issues associated with miniaturisation. More issues are to be expected as the process goes on in the future. As a strategic manager, following the above recommendations for the next five years will ensure that the organisation continues meeting its daily, monthly and annual target. However, the above issues are not constant. In this case, some will be added, and others will be pulled out when they become obsolete. Reference list Bennett, C. J. Grant, R. A. 1998, Visions of privacy: policy choices for the digital age, University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Brace, C. L., Young, K. L. and Regan, M. A. 2007, Analysis of the Literature: The Use of Mobile Phones While Driving. Web. Butler, C. W. 2005, Miniaturisation. Web. Chris, M. 2000, The First Computer. Web. Clarke, P. A. P., A Statutory Right of Privacy. Web. Daniel, L. 2008, Modu Is the Smallest and Lightest Cell Phone. Web. Hunt, E. B. 1995, Will we be smart enough: a cognitive analysis of the coming workforce, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. This report on Miniaturization was written and submitted by user Bryant B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

The Evolution of Western Intel essays

The Evolution of Western Intel essays Throughout the ages, man has believed himself to be self sufficient. Starting in the Homeric Age, a gradual change in the intellectual thought of mankind began to occur. From the way they viewed God to the way they reasoned, mans search for knowledge received an ever changing role throughout the periods between the Age of Myth and the Enlightenment. The Age of Myth occurred around 600 B.C. It was a time when everybody believed in the supernatural. Gods and humans were considered to be equal. In fact, man and the gods would interact on a daily basis. The age is referred to as a pre-scientific era because of the popular belief in the supernatural. When Greece started developing philosophies about ethics and morality, a connection to the Age of Classical Philosophy was made. Socrates, a member of the Classical Philosophy Age, was the first philosopher to focus mainly on ethics and morality. (Philosophy 100 Essential Thinkers) Also, in both ages, polytheism was practiced, which was later challenged by Thales in the Age of Classical Philosophy. (Philosophy 100 Essential Thinkers) Yet, there was a difference between the ages. In the Age of Myth, people didnt question the existence of the gods, but in the Age of Classical Philosophy they did. The Age of Classical Mythology occurred between 600 and 1 B.C. God and man werent considered to be equal anymore because science replaced the supernatural. People believed there was a god that took care of creation and that there was an undefined force watching over them. This led to the practice of deism and animism. In the Age of Classical Philosophy, philosophers began to become more religious than philosophical, like in the Patristic Age. The afterlife was suddenly considered to be heaven and hell, not the atheistic views they had before. The focus on new beliefs and values united the people in the Patristic Age. (http://iep.utm.edu/p/pa ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Snowfall and Rainfall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Snowfall and Rainfall - Essay Example The author of the paper states that rainfall may be defined as falling drops of water that is greater than 0.02 in diameter, precipitated by the process of condensation and falling in an area steadily over a period of time. Snowfall, on the other hand, may be defined as falling ice composed of complex hexagonal forms that are converted from water to ice directly by the process of deposition. Rainfall and snowfall may be differentiated based on the precipitation process, forms, temperature conditions, and atmospheric limitations.  Rainfall is a form of liquid precipitation unlike other forms of precipitation such as snow, hail or frost. When water on the earth surface is heated above the melting point, it gets evaporated and rises in the air as vapor. On reaching higher altitudes of the atmosphere, the vapor begins to cool down, resulting in precipitation. When these droplets of vapor which are dispersed in the atmosphere combine and accumulate, becoming heavy enough to fall, they c ause rain. In contrast to the precipitation of rainfall, snowfall occurs when the temperature is below freezing point. They take the form of crystalline structures that precipitate as snowflakes from the clouds. They can take different crystalline or granular forms and are usually soft in nature unless packed by external pressure. Snow crystals are formed from supercooled water droplets, that form an ice lattice around the water droplet, caused by very low temperatures.  Rain is the liquid form of H2O, while snow is a solidified form, which according to the definition, is a mineral of the homogeneous form of natural origin having an inorganic origin and definite chemical composition. Rain can take up forms that vary in the size of the water droplets or the pressure that accompanies it. The size of water droplets varies from 0.2 to 0.6, while the rate of water droplets can vary from 0.10 inch to 0.30 inch an hour which may be either light rain or heavy rain. (usatoday.com). Snowfal l can be classified into forms on the basis of the crystal structure that it precipitates into or the rate of accumulation. Snow can be in the form of flakes, crystals, grains or pellets.  

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Weekly questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Weekly questions - Assignment Example Wilson notes that individuals do what is required of them and are well-mannered and identify incidences where the requirement for confirmation is best for the community. One of the primary attributes of societies that Wilson identifies is society members share collective principles, and it appears as if regulations are a form of the collective principles for the advancement of the society (Wilson 37-40). According to Wilson (42), both law and morals purpose to dictate people’s behavior. While the law involves sanctions for disobedience, morality involves incentives, both positive and negative. Homer’s society has no rationality of wickedness or guilt, and personal internal control is absent. Instead, people in the society are controlled and guided by social rules. However, this may be confusing since an individual may not know what to think of it (Wilson 45). This is because if they are not guided by conscience, but social rules, how did people developed the need to appease other people and collaborate within the society. On the other hand, Plato sees the people as controlled by internal conscience that attempts to achieve harmony within every individual (Wilson 53-5). In Omelas, the child suffered in place of the whole community, and thereafter everyone went on with their business and activities in a paradise with no sin or guilt. All this was done in order to keep the boy in the basement away from the public. Everyone who had interacted with the boy only kicked his food, and he could not apprehend what was going on (Wilson 63-68). Notably, the city is in peace, and everyone is in pleasure simply because the boy is suffering and kept away. To make matters worse, the people know that the boy is there, and they are okay with it. In this case, everyone in the city chooses pleasure over morality. Though it has been decades since his death, Freud set a center stage for continued research. This is because even up to today, some of his theories are

Monday, November 18, 2019

Confederation and Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Confederation and Constitution - Essay Example The benefits of the Articles of Confederation including the signing of an alliance between the United States and France in 1778. The American Revolution succeed due to the unity that existed between the States. The government successfully negotiated to end the American Revolution. The Articles of Confederation facilitated the formation of an organized government that allowed inhabitants to roam freely in all the states. It played a crucial role given that it was formulated at a time when the States had no agreement. Most people were skeptical about the formation of a central government because the unfair treatment by the British was still fresh in their memories. The Articles of Confederation had a unicameral system of government in which Congress was the only branch of government. On the contrary, the U.S. Constitution has three branches of government, which include the legislative, executive, and the judiciary. Every branch of government is independent. The Executive is mandated to carry out the law; the legislative makes the law, and the judiciary interprets the law. Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government had powers to declare war, negotiate peace, handle foreign affairs, borrow money, manage the monetary system, settle disputes between states, create a navy and build an army by asking for troops from the different states. The U.S. Constitution gave the National Government more powers. In the U.S. Constitution, the central government has is mandated to collect taxes, handle foreign affairs, raise and maintain an army.

Friday, November 15, 2019

StarTeam System Development

StarTeam System Development Delainah E. Borgonia StarTeam is a life cycle management tool that allows program managers and system developers the ability to collaborate on projects and track change management.   This system was developed by a company named   Starbase Corporation, which then was bought by Borland in January 2003.   StarTeam now belongs to MircoFocus which is known to build, operate and secure enterprise software.   In order for this system to work on your computer and operating system, you are required to have certain Hardware and Software requirements.   Even though StarTeam is the system of choice for the Air Force Life Cycle Operations Agency, StarTeam does have a competitive advantage to other systems that our currently on the market today.   StarTeam is a great life cycle management system that does the job, however I do believe if I was able to make a few system enhancement recommendations, it will be a robust and better system that will be beneficial to our workplace and users. Server-Side Hardware Requirements StarTeam system works only on two different server-side hardwares.   It currently uses a Windows Server with either a 32-bit or a 64-bit computer processor.   With a 32-bit computer processor it must have a minimum 32-bit dual-core system with at least four gigabytes of memory.   With a 64-bit computer processor it must of a minimum 64-bit quad-core sytem with at least four to eight gigabytes of memory. Server-Side Software Requirements The server-side software requirements for the StarTeam informations system are currently used on a multitude of operating systems.   StarTeam system currently works with the Mircosoft Windows Server, Red Hat Enertpirse Linux, and SUSE Linux operating systems.   The only Microsoft Windows Server versions StarTeam is compatible with is the 2012 and 2008 versions.   For the 2012 version, it only works on the 64-bit computer processor, and on the 2008 version, it works on either the 32-bit or 64-bit processor.   This information system also works on two Linux operating systems for those who uses a Linux Operating system platform.   Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform delivers a military grade-security with a 99.999% uptime, the only versions that is compatible with StarTeam are the 6.7 in either 32-bit or 64-bit operating system and/or the 5.5 version only in a 32-bit processor.   The other Linux plateform that is compatible with StarTeam is SUSE Linux 11.3 and 11.4 Enterprise Desktop in either the 32-bit or 64-bit system processor.   SUSE Linux is an affordable environment that currently is coexistent with Windows, Mac, Unix and other operating systems. Client-Side Hardware Requirements StarTeam is used and has been tested on both laptops and desktops computer hardware, that as at least a minumum 32-bit dual core operating system with a minimum of two gigabytes of memory. The hardware must have 200 migabytes to install the application with an adequate disk space required for all your files that you would work on a daily basis. Like with all other products the amount of disk space will differ depending on how much you use the product.   Currently at our workplace we currently use it on either a laptop or desktop computer hardware system. StarTeam is also compatible on some MAC computer models as well. It can be used on a MacBook with the early 2015 model, late 2008 aluminum, early 2009 or newer model.   It also works on the MacBook Pro and MacBook Air.   The MacBook Pro must be the mid to late 2007 or newer model and the MacBook Air must be the late 2008 or newer model.   It also works on the Mac Mini, Imac and Mac Pro just to name a few a few others. Just fo r your information StartTeam support is only for the physical Apple Computers only, and the OS X Virtual Machines are not supported by StarTeam information system. Client-Side Software Requirements The StarTeam information system client-side software we currrently use at our workplace is the StarTeam Cross-Platform Client System.   The Star-Team Cross-Platform Client System uses Java and can be used on a Operating System that can support the Java Runtime Enviromment (JRE) 1.8.0_102 version.   This Cross-Platform Client has been used and tested on the certain softwares.   The Operating System the StarTeam Cross-Platform Client is compatible with is the Mircorsoft Windows 10, 8, 7, XP Professional SP3, and Windows Vista SP1 in either 32-bit or 64-bit processor.   StarTeam Cross-Platform Client System is also compatible with other operating systems like the Solaris Sparc 10, RedHat Enterprise Linux 6, Ubuntu 14.04, SUSE 11.3 and the El Capitan, Yosemite on the Mac OS.   The Client System also needs an Adobe Acrobat software in order to view any PDF manuals or files.   Also, if any online help is needed you must use an Internet Explorer 8 or later for Microsoft Windows only or Firefox 4 later browser.   In order for the StarTeam to work at its optimal performance it is recommended that the StarTeam Server be on a its on dedicated application server unless your workplace is using a supported version of Microsoft SQL Server Express as their database. Competitive Analysis of the System The StarTeam application lifecycle management software has a whole lot of competitors on the market today.   There are numerous lifecyle management application software that offers a whole lot of features compared to StarTeam.   In order for StarTeam to stay competitive against its other software rivals, MicroFocus has made an ideal application lifecycle management software that can be used and implemented easily by any type of development team or enterpise.   How StarTeam stays on top is MicroFocus has developed a feature that allows users to post system suggestions to request enhancements and imporovements to its system.   StarTeam is also an on-line tool that can be accessible from anywhere through any compatible device, which makes it easy for users to collaborate on projects and track change management at anytime. MicroFocus is also known for their security, high performance and stability.   They have created an application lifecycle management software application tha t can easlily be run.   It is also so lightweight that it can be integrated with a multitude of tools that you may be already be using.   StarTeam also stays competitive by always upgrading and doing server imporvements to its software. This is an important step when competing against rivals.   Knowing what the customers wants and needs can always make your system better than others that are comparable to StarTeam.   Another advantage StarTeam has from other systems and rivals, is their customer service team.   Having an excellent customer service team that knows their product and responses with little or no wait time can make or break a system and company. StarTeam is a system known for its stability, ease of use to the users, performance and its software pricing.   Like with any system out there StarTeam can use some system enhancements that I believe can imporve the users experience. Recommendations for Improving the System Informations systems can always be enhanced and made better, that stays true to StarTeam as well.   The one recommendation I have for StarTeam is the ability to notify you by email whenever there is a change in status with the requirement.   This will allow my team to keep track of our requirements on where it is in the system life cycle, instead of logging into the system to check. At this time StarTeam only sends email notification to the point of contact when a project is awaiting their coordination. I believe if the system was enhanced to allow an email notification to be sent anytime there was a change in status, it will allow the user to save time from not loggin into the system. The second recommendation I would like to improve to StarTeam is to have StarTeam   be a web-base system instead of connecting through a client server.   StarTeam currently uses a server which currently takes about 1-3 minutes to open one requirement.   I believe if StarTeam was a web-base sy stem, Im hoping it will decrease the wait time it takes to open a requirement. This is a a great deal when making changes to multiple projects at the same time. The last recommendation I would improve is the ability to link all change requirements that have dependencies with each other.   This will help the requirement manager to capture all the change requests that have to be developed together, instead of opening each one separately. Altough these changes may not be useful to the developer and analyst process, but I think these recommendations would be a huge benefit to the requirement manager users experience for tracking all requirements and doing their job as a whole. Conclusion StarTeam is a life cycle management tool that allows program managers and system developers the ability to collaborate on projects and track change management. Ive discussed what hardware and software requirements a user must have in order to use the StarTeam Application Life Cycle Management software.   StarTeam is a great system the Air Force Life Cycle Operations Agency uses for keeping track of the development and enhancement to an Air Force System, but I know that the enhancements Ive discussed, like it being a web-base system vs a client server, and having all requirement dependencies link together instead of it just stating the requirement number can be beneficial to my workplace as well its user. StarTeam does have a competitive advantage to other systems that our currently on the market today by Micro Focus outstanding customer service as well has developing a feature that allows users to recommend system enhancements and improvements to their system.   StarTeam is great but with every system out there , there is always room for improvement. References Home. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.microfocus.com/products/change-management/starteam/system-requirements/ Megherbi, M. (n.d.). StarTeam Reviews (1 Review) StarTeam Community Feedback Score: 4.00 Mar 2017. Retrieved from https://www.crowdreviews.com/starteam#reviews Borland StarTeam Installation Guide.(2013). Costa Mesa, CA: Micro Focus

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Colonization of America :: essays research papers

When the Europeans had discovered America, the possibilities for them were endless. Although mistakenly discovered, it greatly aroused the curiosity of many European explorers. There were new opportunities for them to expand, and in more than just one way. Chances to spread religion, boost their economy, and help themselves politically.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As soon as Columbus returned, the pope issued a decree saying the world itself was an inheritance of Christianity. Spain and Portugal, the two main Christian powers at the time, set out to spread Christianity all across the world following the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. What better place to start then with the new found land of the Americas. As soon as the Europeans figured out a reason, they began their religious crusade. Spain argued that the Native Americans possessed souls that only Christian baptism could save.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Years later in 1520, an excommunicated monk named Martin Luther and his follows calling themselves Protestants, created a rift in Western Christianity and broke it into competing faiths. This movement was known as the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation was able to spread oversees to the Americas, and led to many conflicts in the new world. Spain and France battled for religious dominance in Florida while England, which consisted of a Protestant monarchy, claimed Ireland. Eventually England too, would plan to occupy land in North America. Such feuds over religion would continue for centuries to come in the colonization of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Political causes of the navigation and colonization was based on many different things. The knowledge gained from explorations gave many Europeans new ideas and brought many stories of diverse cultures to them. This, along with the new places and people to discover, changed the way Europeans viewed their own lives. They were intrigued by all these new things from America, and realized they really had just inherited the wisdom and authority in which they lived by. This stimulated a European Renaissance, and gave them a chance to explore further more and establish colonies along the way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The English had expanded their coastal colonies and maintained steady control along the way. Spain was able to establish control through the Gulf of Mexico, conquering tribes such as the Aztecs, and gained much prestige and wealth along the way. France, the third of the three large European nations colonizing America, attempted to make themselves allies with Native Americas for support in helping them expand.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Bolwbys theory of attachment Essay

Outline and Evaluate Bowlby’s Evolutionary Theory of Attachment. (12mark) Attachment can be described using two theories, one being Bowlby’s attachment theory which is based on an evolutionary perspective. The theory suggests that evolution has produced a behaviour that is essential to the survival to allow the passing on of genes. An infant that keeps close to their mother is more likely to survive. The traits that lead to that attachment will be naturally selected. Bowlby has the idea that attachment has evolved and it is innate as it increases the likelihood of survival and reproduction, he suggests that children are already born with this innate drive and that they were born to perform these behaviours and born to attain attachment. To enhance the survival of their offspring caregiving is also adaptive and we are born to care for our children. He suggests that infants were born with social releasers (for example: crying/smiling) which encourage caregiving. Bowlby also suggests that there is a best time to form an attachment, this is called the sensitive period where infants are most sensitive to development of attachments and Bowlby would suggest that this is when the child is 3-6 months old. However, attachment can still take place at other times but it becomes increasingly difficult. Attachment acts as a secure base for exploration, which influences independence rather than dependence. Bowlby argues that infants form a single special attachment with one particular attachment figure, usually the mother. This is called monotropy. Other attachments may develop in a hierarchy. An infant may therefore have a primary monotropy attachment to its mother, and below her the hierarchy of attachments might include its father, siblings, grandparents, etc. Another key feature of Bowlby’s theory is that the infant develops an internal working model of relationships that guides relationship behaviour as an older child and an adult. This leads to the continuity hypothesis and the view that there is a link between the early attachment and later emotional behaviour. A strength of this theory is that research appears to suggest that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. Hodges and Tizard (1989) found that children who have formed no attachments had later difficulties with their peers. This therefore supports Bowlby’s concept of a sensitive period during which infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. Another strength is that if attachment did evolve as Bowlby suggests then we would expect attachment and caregiving to be universal. Tronick et all (1992) studied an African family tribe where infants were fed by different women but slept with their own mother at night. However, despite this, after six months the children all still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that we are born to attain attachment because attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultures. Finally, Bowlby suggested that infants form multiple attachments which then form a hierarchy and there is much evidence to support this. The study by Schaffer and Emerson also found that most infants have many attachments. They reported that there was little relationship between time spent together and attachment. This suggests that it is the quality of caregiving rather than the quantity of it. This supports Bowlby’s theory because it goes against the Learning theory as the learning theory suggests that food is the main key to developing an attachment. A weakness of this theory is the multiple attachment model as this model suggests that there are no primary and secondary attachments but instead they are all integrated into one single model. Grossman and Grossman researched infant-father attachment and found that there is a key role for the father’s in social development. This is a criticism because Grossman and Grossman are suggesting that there is not one particular figure as Bowlby suggests but that fathers and mothers both play a role in the development of a child and therefore they both are as important as each other. Another weakness includes the internal working model as according to Bowlby it is expected that children form similar attachments with all people because they are working from the same model. Lamb (1977) found that some children form secure relationships with their mothers and insecure relationships with their fathers. This suggests that there is more to attachment than just a sensitive response to a social releaser. Kagan (1984) found that children have an innate temperament, e. g. easy going or difficult, that influences early attachments with their caregivers and later relationships when they are adults. This is called temperament hypothesis. This means that attachments form as a result of temperament not an innate gene for attachment.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Battle of the Falkland Islands - World War I

The Battle of the Falkland Islands - World War I The Battle of the Falklands was fought during World War I (1914-1918).  The squadrons engaged on December 8, 1914, off the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic.  Following his stunning victory over the British at the Battle of Coronel on November 1, 1914, Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee turned the German East Asia Squadron for Valparaiso, Chile. Entering port, von Spee was compelled by international law to leave after twenty-four hours and first moved to Mas Afuera before heading to Bahia San Quintin. Assessing his squadrons situation, von Spee found that half his ammunition was expended and that coal was in short supply. Turning south, the East Asia Squadron set a course around Cape Horn and made for Germany. British Commanders Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee2 battlecruisers3 armored cruisers2 light cruisers German Commanders Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee2 armored cruisers3 light cruisers Forces in Movement Pausing at Picton Island off Tierra del Fuego, von Spee distributed coal and allowed his men to go ashore to hunt. Departing Picton with the armored cruisers SMS Scharnhorst and SMS Gneisenau, the light cruisers SMS Dresden, SMS Leipzig, and SMS Nurnburg, and three merchant ships, von Spee planned to raid the British base at Port Stanley in the Falklands as he moved north. In Britain, the defeat at Coronel led to a rapid response as First Sea Lord Sir John Fisher assembled a squadron centered on the battlecruisers HMS Invincible and HMS Inflexible to deal with von Spee. Rendezvousing at the Abrolhos Rocks, the British squadron was led by a rival of Fishers, Vice Admiral Doveton Sturdee, and consisted of the two battlecruisers, the armored cruisers HMS Carnarvon, HMS Cornwall and HMS Kent, and the light cruisers HMS Bristol and HMS Glasgow. Sailing for the Falklands, they arrived on December 7 and entered the harbor at Port Stanley. While the squadron stood down for repairs, the armed merchant cruiser Macedonia patrolled the harbor. Further support was provided by the old battleship HMS Canopus which had been grounded in the harbor for use as a gun battery. von Spee Destroyed Arriving the next morning, Spee sent Gneisenau and Nurnberg to scout the harbor. As they approached they were surprised by fire from Canopus which was largely hidden from view by a hill. Had Spee pressed his attack at this point, he may have scored a victory as Sturdees ships were cooling and ill-prepared for battle. Rather, realizing he was badly out-gunned, von Spee broke off and headed for open water around 10:00 AM. Dispatching Kent to track the Germans, Sturdee ordered his ships to raise steam and set out in pursuit. Though von Spee had a 15-mile head start, Sturdee was able to use his battlecruisers superior speed to run down the tired German ships. Around 1:00, the British opened fire on Leipzig at the end of the German line. Twenty minutes later, von Spee, realizing he could not escape, turned to engage the British with Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in the hope of giving his light cruisers time to flee. Taking advantage of the wind, which caused the funnel smoke from the British ships to obscure the Germans, von Spee succeeded in striking Invincible. Though hit several times, the damage was light due to the ships heavy armor. Turning away, von Spee again attempted to escape. Detaching three of his cruisers to pursue Nurnberg and Leipzig, Sturdee pressed the attack on Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. Firing full broadsides, the battlecruisers pummeled the two German ships. In an attempt to fight back, von Spee tried to close the range, but to no avail. Scharnhorst was put out of action and sank at 4:17, with von Spee aboard. Gneisenau followed a short time later and sank at 6:02. While the heavy ships were engaging, Kent succeeded in running down and destroying Nurnberg, while Cornwall and Glasgow finished off Leipzig. Aftermath of the Battle As the firing ceased, only Dresden succeeded in escaping from the area. The light cruiser evaded the British for three months before finally surrendering off the Juan Fernndez Islands on March 14, 1915. For the crew of Glasgow, one of the few surviving British ships that had fought at Coronel, the victory at the Falklands was particularly sweet. With the destruction of von Spees East Asia Squadron, commerce raiding by warships of the Kaiserliche Marine was effectively ended. In the fighting, Sturdees squadron suffered ten killed and 19 wounded. For von Spee, casualties numbered 1,817 killed, including the admiral and his two sons, as well as the loss of four ships. In addition, 215 German sailors (mostly from Gneisenau) were rescued and taken prisoner. Sources World War I Naval Combat: Battle of the FalklandsFirst World War: Battle of the FalklandsHistory of War: Battle of the Falklands

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Las Vegas Geology Highlights

Las Vegas Geology Highlights The glittering city of Las Vegas has done all it can to blot out the desert. But the region is a wonderland of natural attractions, too. Start with the Desert The American desert is a world-class destination all by itself, of course. Its such an iconic setting, familiar from Western movies, music videos, and car ads, that it feels like home even the first time you go there. Any place in the desert is special, but there are really noteworthy sites near Las Vegas. As you arrive, look around and drink in the sight of endless stone. Las Vegas Valley is a downdropped basin typical of hundreds in the Basin and Range, the geologic province that extends over all of Nevada and a little beyond it on all sides. Over the last 25 million years or so, the Earths crust here has been stretched in an east-west direction to around 150 percent of its former width, and the surface rocks have broken into strips of mountains running north-south. As a result the hot material beneath has bulged upward, turning Nevada into a high plateau rich in metal ores and geothermal energy. Numerous earthquakes have been recorded there during this century as the areas tectonic activity continues. The high elevation and the upwind barrier of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range on the west has made the Basin and Range a very dry place, one where the mountains remain bare and settlements sparse. Typical desert landforms- playas, dunes, desert pavement, arroyos, alluvial fans and bajadas- are plentiful, and bedrock outcrops and fault traces are well exposed. Geologists love deserts. Just Add Water Las Vegas was once a small settlement named Bringhurst, but it got its current name from the grasslands (las vegas, the meadows) that once grew in the valley. In the desert, grass represents a shallow water table, and in the Las Vegas Valley grass was a sign of the natural faults that force the water table near the ground surface there. Las Vegas languished as a tiny railroad town, serving the nearby mines, until the Colorado River was dammed to create Lake Mead in the 1930s. The city has also exploited the aquifers beneath the Las Vegas Valley so that even if the city vanished tomorrow, the meadows would not return. The availability of enough water to boat in and fill pools helped turn Las Vegas into the tourist destination it is today. While the Las Vegas Strip makes spectacular playthings out of water, the rest of the city tends to landscape itself in gravel and cactus. The University of Nevada campus here is an elegant example of this approach, and worth a visit just for the grounds. The geology department building has hallways lined with display cases full of excellent rock and mineral specimens, too. Las Vegas Geologic Sites There are many beautiful places to see while youre in town. Three great national parks- Grand Canyon, Zion and Death Valley- are within reach for budget travelers, but let me focus on places nearer Las Vegas. Just west of the city is Red Rock Canyon Conservation Area, a prime destination for rock climbers. But you can just take a slow drive through the colorful formations if you like. One of the geologic highlights is an excellent exposure of the dramatic Keystone Thrust, where ancient crustal motions 65 million years ago shoved great thicknesses of gray limestone on top of younger beds of red sandstone. An hour or so northeast of Las Vegas is Valley of Fire, Nevadas first state park. The geologic setting is similar to Red Rock, but in addition this park features many ancient petroglyphs, rock art left by the local tribes including the mysterious Anasazi. Take my Valley of Fire tour here.About.coms Betsy Malloy has her own photo tour.Heres visitor information for Valley of Fire daytrippers.Try a guided 4WDÂ  of Valley of Fire. Both Red Rock Canyon and Valley of Fire are places that display the Sevier Thrust Belt, a gigantic zone of tectonic upheaval that stretches from the Las Vegas area into Canada. The thrust belt records a continental collision far to the west, on the continents edge, during Cretaceous times about 80 million years ago. There are other places near Las Vegas where you can see its signs. To the north of Las Vegas is the understated Upper Las Vegas Wash, where locals come to get away from it all while geologists come to explore the rich fossil record. Take a visit. To the south, you can take trails down to the Colorado River valley below Hoover Dam. And many more destinations are listed in my Nevada Geology category. Maybe a desert hot spring or an all-terrain vehicle tour is more to your liking. Given all these possibilities, Im about ready to go live there full time myself. PS: Among the people who DO live there amidst the tinsel and the scenery are some righteous salt-of-the-earth types, proud of their small desert towns. After youve had your fill of Las Vegas, why not unwind in a quiet little place like Blue Diamond, Nevada, the town that sheetrock built.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Markets and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Markets and Society - Essay Example But who is Smith? Adam Smith contributes to the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. He was born in born in 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland and later enjoyed scholarship at the University of Glasgow (Smith, 1994). At 14, he continued his studies at Balliol College at Oxford (Smith, 1994). He became a professor at the University of Glasgow teaching logic course in 1751 and extolled later as the chair of moral philosophy in 1752 (Smith, 1994). Some of Smith’s academic studies were inked in his work of Theory of Moral Sentiments publicized in 1759 (Smith, 1994). In 1764, Smith decided to leave the academe and tutor the Duke of Buccleuch. Only after he retired whence he started writing the book on Wealth of Nations. Smith remained single all his life and died in Edinburgh in 1790 (Henderson, 2007). Although Smith was considered as economist by heart, he was primarily a philosopher and his teachings are inspired by philosophy. Since the theory is philosophically explicated , the contemporary economic disciplined remained applicable up to these days (Smith, 1994). Smith is considered by economists worldwide as the â€Å"father of economics†. He wrote the most integrated and influential book â€Å"An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations† in 1776 (Smith, 1994). ... 1).† Smith was the first author who viewed the significance of the specialization and division of labor as primary source of productivity and the principle of â€Å"invisible hand† to illustrate the potential tendency of self-interest-motivated individuals to be directed to undertake works and collaborative activities in accordance to free market system and based on legislated economic and market policies (Smith, 1994; Henderson, 2007). Division of Labor & Contemporary Implications The increase of population, peoples’ migration, and increasing needs of urbanization found division of labor as mechanism to address problems on scarcity of goods and needs for trading. With labor being categorized based on their expertise and skills, companies created branches or divisions to meet its peculiar production needs with the use of technology. For instance, in the production of microSD chips, the ten persons are expected to produce at least a specific number per day. Hence, the division of labor remained significant up to these days because companies are still bound by targeted results with the highest level of industry as desired consequence. This is also true to agro-industrial company. For example, in a pineapple company, the farm-workers are divided into managers, ploughman, harrower, sower, reaper or harvester, pealer, cutter, canning, and labeling. The work forcers will also have that in-charge for marketing, distribution, and accountants. All of these functions are technologically assisted to keep pace with the improvement of trading relations; supply-demand factors; and by the drive for profit. Modern economists call this systematization of labor forces as optimization of performance management. In this theory, workers are

Friday, November 1, 2019

Should the authors of the Wall Street Collapse be criminalized Research Paper

Should the authors of the Wall Street Collapse be criminalized - Research Paper Example In the economic crisis of the period of 1990-91, global business organizations have been blamed mainly because of the global meltdown of various economic as well as financial variables. During this time, significant level of legal aspects has been raised all across the globe to encounter the financial problem by providing legal punishments to these financial institutions (Anderson and Jackson, 2005, p. 19). Despite all that legal aspects which has been predominant in the country there has now been known regarding the fraud as well as malfeasance most importantly at the core area of the financial crash. These have also been significantly related to the policy responses till date from the point of view of the government which has offered valuable little reform in the legal as well as economic structure of the country. In various editions of â€Å"The Advocate†, researchers have looked more intimately at some of the related enforcement as well as reform attempts taken by the admi nistration. These enforcements and reforms have been implemented for the purpose of providing the people of the country and also the readers with the point of view of what is being completed, what is not, as well as possibly ‘what ought to be’. In these cover stories – â€Å"Government Goes After Insider Trading, but Where are the Financial Crisis Prosecutions?† – BLB&G associate, Mr. Kristin Meister, has discussed the most significant current indictments as well as convictions of several financial executives who have been caught in the wideranging insider trading mesh. However, raises a significant aspect: â€Å"Does this focal point come at the expenditure of aggressive prosecution of the persons behind the deceit at the heart of the financial fall down?† (Meister et al., 2011, p. 3). Researchers, in this respect have opined that, firm associate, Mr. Joseph Goodman, has taken an intense look at the obstructions that have significantly preve nted the entire implementation of the â€Å"Dodd-Frank financial reform act†. This act has been regarded as the promise of greater level of financial reform aimed at by the supporters of the Dodd-Frank has however to be realized. In regard to the corporate governance memorandum, these researchers have been delighted to reprint a current column by â€Å"The New York Times† stating that â€Å"Deal Professor,† Steven Davidoff, professor at Michael E. Moritz College at Law at The Ohio State University — â€Å"Despite Worries, Serving at the Top Carries Little Risk†. In the part, Professor Davidoff has highlighted the fact that beneficiary effects as well as the comparative drawbacks (although these drawbacks have been detected as very few), for the purpose of serving as the director for the public company. Along with this aspect, Mark Lebovitch, the partner of