Advantages and Disadvantages of Communication and IT

Advantages and Disadvantages of Communication and IT Introduction This assignment is about the advantages and disadvantages of communication and information technology. it will be outlined that there are as many advantages as disadvantages but in this day of computer technology communication through computer is a necessity.   Anyone that does not move with the times will be left behind. Advantages Globalisation means getting in contact with someone across the world.   If someone went to Canada working and their families were in a different country, they could contact each other in a matter of seconds. It is also being able to shop online.   You can buy stuff from websites from a different country so transferring money into accounts across the world. Research using search engines or information super highway to get information fast. People are more up to date with information such as symptoms of illnesses. Theyre going to doctors with more information to tell the doctors what they think the problem is; as they know what their symptoms are because they have researched them. Online banking is great because it takes a matter seconds to check what is going in and out of a bank account. You can transfer money to any account in the world as long as you have the other persons bank details. Security is a big advantage to a person who is vulnerable such as the elderly. They can set up CCTV in their homes and their family can watch them through the cameras from their own homes, work, holiday etc. to ensure theyre safe. Smart houses have come about in recent times. Its possible to be at a   work out for example and lights, televisions, cookers, washing machines,   dryers can be controlled in homes all with the click of a button. Its now possible to get a degree online from Colleges where the student needs to be in the home to look after family or cannot travel to college. These On line Websites are all recognised and are acceptable in the education system. An example of this is the Hibernia website whereby a teacher can get a recognised qualification and become a Primary Teacher. Disadvantages Bullying is a major disadvantage there are so many teens committing suicide because of being bullied. Identity theft is becoming more and more common each year. There are People hacking other peoples emails, Facebook pages and bank accounts. With online shopping, some web sites arent legitimate and can hack your bank account with the information provided. Someone could get on your Facebook page and read your personal information. If a PPS number is used online, it runs the risk of identity theft so caution needs to be exercised. There is a Social impact on adults and teens. Theyre too busy with social media to take their heads out of their computers, laptops, tablets or phones to engage in an actual conversation.   Social media is taking over their lives.   This can cause serious depression because these people arent bothered to go out and socialise with other individuals. If not leaving the house to go for fresh air and exercise, people can eventually start gaining weight which can be extremely depressing.   Being stuck in a house is terrible for your mental and physical health. Confidence is being lowered, girls competing with each other to be more attractive and to look like theses super models they see on line. Girls these days feel the need to be a size six and if theyre not, they are categorised as fat which leads to low confidence and depression. Sometimes, young girls can go as far as sticking their fingers back their throat and becoming bulimic or anorexic just to become as skinny as the other girls. So many people are losing their jobs because everything is being computerised and there is no need for companies to be paying individuals to do something a computer can do.   In banks nowadays, it is noticeable that there are less people behind counters because everything can be done online. Conclusion The above assignment outlines the advantages and disadvantages of Information Technology in communications. It is evident that there are as many advantages as disadvantages but Information Technology is here to stay and parents have to be responsible to look after children and their use of the internet.   People have to embrace the Internet because they will be left behind if they do not get educated in the correct use of this amazing technology. Bibliography www.enkivillage.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-internet.html www.webroot.com/ie/en/home/resources/articles Tutor notes www.eszter.com/edu/sides.html www.bookboon.com

Communication Skills To Deal With Aggressive Patients Nursing Essay

Communication Skills To Deal With Aggressive Patients Nursing Essay This essay will illustrate a personal experience, which demonstrates how practitioners use good communication skills to deal with anger and aggression in patients who are in pain and also recognize and respect choice and religious needs of clients. I was student radiography of about 11 weeks on my first clinical placement. I was working on x ray department which I dealt with and angry and religious patients. . I aim to explore my feelings about the events that transpired, and describe what I would do differently if anything similar situation happens in the future using Graham (1998) framework for reflection. The first centre of discussion shall be in reference to a patient who I will identify as Mr X , to maintain confidentiality Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008) who came for x ray examination for his leg which was in plaster. As a student I attended Mr X with his consent and under the supervision of the mentor. Mr X stormed out of the room in anger after learning that I did not do the procedure right and another x ray was required. That would mean going over the process again yet the patient couldnt bear the pain. The second centre of discussion shall be referred to a nineteen year old Muslim female who was referred from the outpatient department to the x ray department for a head scan due to persistent severe headache. I was doing receptionist duties and I booked her in. She was wearing a religious dress code that covered from head to toe apart from the eyes. As it was against her religion, she refused to take off the cloth covering her head for the scan to be conducted. Before her examination she came back to the reception office to ask if she could get a private room for a prayer.   I gave her directions to a prayer room. Having been into placement for only first time I did not have knowledge to dealt or experience to dealt with angry and aggressive patients who are in pain. I remember that I lost my confidence and I was very upset about myself for failing to handle the situation in a professional manner. As a student radiographers, I should recognise anger and aggression and find out the root cause of it. I am now aware that the best way of dealing with someones anger is to assess and recognise how they are feeling in order to help and diffuse the situation, Walker et al (2004). In light of the above case, I should have apologised for the mistake and use effective communication skills in explanation the the procedure needed for a repeat of the X ray was necessary. The best way to react to clients anger is by listening and acknowledging it. Acknowledgment of anger is very important because the client will definitely calms down. There are proven ways to diffuse tense situations and control anger before it rises to the level of conflict. Empathetic listening is necessary in this case, listen to the patient and truly understand his or her feelings and their needs. It is a way of disagreeing, without being disagreeable. Listen empathetically to the patients distress and apologise without getting defensive. Honest expression means explaining to the patient that you acknowledge his or her frustration in being told to go over the x ray examination process again, but the patient should understand that you a future radiographer and students make mistakes. Students should bear in mind that, any hurtful things said by the client are as a result of his extreme suffering and they need time to work through their anger. Recent study suggests that, older people may use anger as a strategy for maintaining some sense of power over their own lives because as long as they remain angry or resistant, people will notice them. Walker et al (2004), as people get older, they are exposed to a wider variety of situations and are therefore less likely to find new situation stressful, though some older people may be resistant to change. The patient was in severe pain, so i would think he used anger and aggression as a pain coping strategy. Cowan (2000), anger is therapeutic in relieving stress. Hyland and Donaldson (year please) say, health care professional can reduce patient anger by providing the information the patients wants about his condition. So communication plays a very important part in diffusing tense situations. This experience taught me that, anger and aggression could be used as cover for deeper problems. Anger could be a cover up for fear, being used as a shield to keep other people at a distance so they are unable to see ones insecurities and weaknesses, Booth (2003). In real life, older adults are known to express anger outwardly less often and report more inner control of anger using calming strategies as compared to their younger counterparts unless and otherwise. So, looking at the whole incident, the patient was upset to the core by the idea of going over the process again yet the pain was unbearable. I felt that the mr X was trying to express the stress he was going through due to pain. As a student radiography I should try to use my communication skills effectively to take control of the situation by calming Mr X down and be able to understand what he feels by listening to him and asking him questions. Communication is a two way flow of information that nourished client and profes sional relationship that establishes the base of information upon which health planning decision are made and programme developed Spradley and Allender (1996). . Health care professionals need to develop their communication skills of assessing patient. They should be able to form an impression of patients personality and assess the way patient reacts to particular types of situation, Alder et al (2004). To be more effective, as a student radiographers should attempt to understand the extent and expression of the anger, the specific problems resulting from the anger, the function the anger serves and the underlying source of the anger. As a muslim, I am already aware that religious Muslim females from conservative communities will not accept to be examined by a male health care professionals. When miss X arrived for a head scan, I should I have explained to her that there are not a female radiographer in duty to scan her. Unfortunately I did not know she will refuse to be seen by a male radiographer as she was in severe pain. However, I was called to talk to her. I managed to explain to miss X that uncovering her head for medical treatment for a few minutes was not a violation of Muslim religious rules and it was really important for the scan to be done, but she was not convinced. Miss X was a strict practicing young Muslim lady; I never thought she would put religion first before her own health. I told Miss X that I will be her during the examination but she strongly declined. Few minutes after this incident a female radiographer came to collect her payslip and I asked her if she could scan miss X as she refused h er colleague to examine her due to her religion belief. Religion is a very sensitive issue in health care. It plays a very important role in the lives of many religious clients. Putting religious needs first before health needs is unbelievable. This is how important religion is to other people. Many religions carry dress codes or guidelines on appearance and presentation. Overall, dress codes can be a powerful statement of self identity and be a marker of social identity that others will recognise, Giddens (2001). Muslim women are required to cover their bodies as a sign of modesty. Interpretation of the Haddiths differ, so you may see other Muslim women wearing just a head covering whereas others may only show their eyes and they are not allowed to take off their head covering in public or in the presence of men. Henley and Schott (1999) state that some religions provide detailed rules, which may cover aspects of daily life such as prayer, and wearing of religious symbols. Therefore, members of the public and staff should acknowledge diversity and respect the differences within and between groups of people. Health care professionals should understand that each individual is unique and recognise our individual differences, Townsend, cited in Mackay et al (1998). These could be along the dimensions of race, culture, age and religious beliefs. It would be fair to say that, many of the problems faced in the work place around the issue of religion stem from a lack of knowledge and information about other faiths do and believe. However, in health service, patients religion is often noted and disregarded; an important opportunity to find out more about the individual religious and spiritual needs is lost, Henley and Schott (1999). In todays multi cultural Britain, it is important for health care professionals to be aware of and appreciate the difference between Muslims and other religious groups and must demonstrate a non judgmental attitude towards clients. More training is required for members of staff to deliver a service of the highest standard that would not discriminate service users. In an attempt to appreciate diversity, most hospitals have reserved a room for prayers. Most religious patients would do a prayer before being seen for their appointments as they believe that a prayer could aid in recovery, not due to divine influence but due to psychological and physical benefits. Many studies have suggested that a prayer can reduce physical stress, regardless of the God or Gods a person prays to. Of course, other patients pray to seek guidance as the day progresses, and some say it promotes a more positive outlook and strengthen the will to live. In light of this, health care professionals need to demonstrate a willingness to learn about the patients religious beliefs and needs. They should have a deep understanding and a wider knowledge about a range of problems which arise from religious issues. In the provision of holistic care, both male and female radiographers should be always available on duty to meet the religious needs of Muslim clients and other religious groups. Failure to meet the religious needs of patients would be seen as discrimination on the grounds of religion. So, members of staff require appropriate training and a range of skills to successfully work with ethnic minority clients to promote social inclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I believed that a   good communication and open dialogue is the key to diffusing anger and providing culturally sensitive care. I am now prepared for patients who get angry and aggressive. I had always thought before that it would not happen to me and that the person who was verbally attack was to blame in some way. . In the future where patients have an aggressive history, I will be more on my guard. I do feel that I am more aware of the potential of anger and aggression and I have learned to approach situations in a different way from this experience. I have also prompted to read more about anger and aggression in the NHS and learn strategies to dealt with I will take the time to reassure and talk to the patient and ensure that I get their cooperative. Next time when I will be at reception duty, I will try to ask patients if they prefer to be seen by male or female radiographers. A female radiographer should be at least on call rota on duty. If possible, healthcare should be given by people of the same sex as the patient. For female patients, there is an overriding objec tive of modesty and privacy.

Health and Wellness int the Workplace :: essays research papers

Health and Wellness in the Workplace   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the health of employees can help or hinder a company, then why do companies still have sick days? With the â€Å"on the go† lifestyles, how can we not question the health of employees and their families. Today we have high stress jobs, rush hour traffic, and demanding schedules. Being healthy and fit is the way to conquer tomorrow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We, as people in the workforce, are depended on to follow through with work commitments. A healthy employee is able to do more and feel well enough to enjoy it. We strive to do our best but how can we when we have low morale at the office. Healthy employees directly impact the bottom-line of all companies, from the sole proprietorship to the large corporation (1996). Keeping health-care costs low, boosting morale, increasing productivity, and reducing the absent rate is a payoff that every good business owner should recognize. When a small business is trying to become larger, having employees who are healthy and stress free is important. Losing a member of an already small number due to being ill is not the way to succeed. Working in an environment that is happy and productive is the perfect place to work, regardless of what the job is. With the health care costs reaching high number there is no wonder we have a large number of absenteeism. So many wait to the last possible painstaking work day to decide to see a doctor about their aliment, and all of that could be prevented. Preventing oneself to have to take time off from work is one way to keep costs low. There are so many areas that need to be addressed when it comes to what is going to slow us down as a company. According to estimates by Dr. Jaime Claudio(1991), a corporate wellness consultant for Health Plus, a provider of health-care insurance, a comprehensive eating awareness and weight- management program designed to improve long-term habits could generate an 80% reduction in the incidence of potential problems caused by obesity in the workplace. These problems include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and diminished work efficiency. Obesity is not the only eating disorder that is a problem, there is bulimia and anorexia. Smoking, drinking, su bstance abuse, and stress are problems that are brought into the workplace and stop productivity. We have to be aware of issues that are there but are not usually thought of as an illness.

Graduating and Becoming a Nurse Essay -- Nursing Basic Competence Medi

Graduating and Becoming a Nurse The field of nursing is both a science and an art. New nurses graduate with, at least, acceptable basic competence. They are expected to have the ability to effectively communicate and make decisions in a complex environment with multiple demands on their practical comprehension. However, they usually lack the experience to apply this learned theory. This limited knowledge results in anxiety and difficulty in transitioning from the role of student to leader. How these students can best learn these skills is a topic that has come under considerable debate. We know that most become overwhelmed with multiple tasks and not able to prioritize with critical thinking in a fast pace acute hospital. This begs the questions: How do we make that transition phase easier for them and the staff around them? How do we get the doing and thinking to intertwine together? The article, Coaching for competence, gives one example of how to foster critical thinking skills in novice nurses as well as establ ish a culture that would help its entire staff to grow and excel together. Model concept and implementation The nursing leadership of a 37-bed acute medical unit at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN faced a challenge when they had significant numbers of new nurses hired during the year for a busy acute care general medical unit. The original policy for new nurses involved a six to eight week orientation with a preceptor who assisted new hires to assume complete care for an increasing number of patients. Once the new hire was handling a full patient case load independently, a â€Å"resource nurse† with her own full patient assignment remained available for direction and guidance for the next four weeks. While this orientation process was considered extensive, an extended learning period was needed due to the number of new hires. For this reason, the leadership team began to devise a plan to blend the acts of thinking with doing. This plan needed to encourage and stimulate the new nurses to develop â€Å"self-directed, self-correcting, and innovative strategies in dealing with challen ges†. They were to develop competency and critical thinking in the novice nurses to a higher level of professional thinking. Thus, a coaching concept model was developed by the nurse manager, clinical nurse specialist, and nursing education specialist Preparing to initi... ...ng job satisfaction are significantly enhanced where critical thinking skills are fostered and promoted. In today’s environment of nursing staff shortages, budget constraints and a higher patient acuity, this is no small task to accomplish. However, it is still our primary responsibility in our profession to take the actions necessary to enhance our practice. Rather than being discouraged over the reality of our situation, we should become more creative in our solutions. This creativity was expressed in development of the coaching model. Finally; we found that nursing units that promote critical thinking, professionalism and cohesion will result in higher staff retention rate References Grealish, L. (2000) The skills of coach are an essential in clinical learning. Journal of Nursing Education, 39(5), 231-233. Nelson, J., Apenhorst, D., Carter, L., Mahlum, E., & Schneider, J., (2004) Coaching for Competence. Medsurg Nursing, 13(1), 32-35. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). (2003). Washington DC: American Psychological Association. Wright, A. (2002) Precepting in 2002. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 33(3), 138-141.

Lobby Groups Essay -- Government Politics Political Lobbying Essays

Lobby Groups In this comparison between David B. Truman and V.O. Key, Jr.’s views on lobby groups they have different interpretations on role and interaction of these groups in government. In a democratic system there is bound to be resentment and desire for change because it is impossible to satisfy everybody. Truman and Key describe how those individuals try to be recognized while forming groups for â€Å"strength in numbers†. In the comparison of interest and pressure groups it is apparent that although they created resentment in the inner layers of government, they were necessary to the development and progress of the political system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to David B. Truman in the excerpt from The Governmental Process he demonstrates the need, influence and the importance of containment of lobby groups. Although lobby groups are separated into organized groups and unofficial groups, he considers them both equally important and dangerous interest groups. Through his writings he also demonstrates his opinion that political parties are only a large form of an interest group. Political parties don’t have as many concurrent attitudes because of its influence on impressionable people and its size, but nevertheless it is an interest group. The small, either unofficial or official interest groups usually have influence upon various members of the political parties and use their influence to infiltrate their attitudes to the National Government. Both interest groups and political parties have played a large impact on the development of the governmental system and it is noticeable because although they are n ot the group that obtained the control and power of the operation, many of their proposals have been put into existence. They were not incorporated into the government because of the people’s constant fear or losing the ideal of democracy and the threat of becoming too socialistic. Therefore it was important to have individuals representing their groups (states) in the government. The establishment of interest groups was necessary because â€Å"We do not, in fact, find individuals otherwise than in groups†. Interest groups were only a means for influential powerful people to be able to gain recognition from the government by obtaining a following. It is essential in the democratic process to have the individual’s interaction and as a result of having a large complex ... .... Political parties are an example of interest groups because they have specific ideas which they reinforce. However, the diversity and size of the political parties usually makes the members not agreed upon many issues. Therefore the members sustain their interests until they gain power in the government where they are able to act upon their previous intentions. This has been the cause of many political figures actually supporting the other political party than the one they were selected from on many issues. All interest and pressure groups contain a small group of enthusiast leaders and a mass of either indifferent or inactive members. Therefore it is not an act of socialism or political takeover of the government because they are pushing for an issue with a small group.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lobby groups are essential in the functioning of the government as a whole. They could never replace government but through V.O.Key, Jr. and David B. Truman’s analysis on the importance of lobby groups in government functions it shows that they are necessary. They demonstrate that lobby groups represent the people and are an establishment that helps facilitate individual interaction with the government.

Dreams in the Great Gatsby

The Broken American Dream of the 1920s An accurate name for the 1920s is the roaring twenties. This was a decade full of social transformation and industrialization. Through this shift, a degradation in social moral occurred. A victim of this shift is the character J. Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Gatsby is â€Å"corrupted by values and attitudes that he holds in common with a society that destroys him†(44). Through this mutual and obscured social moral, Gatsby seems to obtain a destructive view of his â€Å"American Dream†. Where the American Dream once â€Å"consisted of the belief that people of talent in this land of opportunity and plenty could reasonably aspire to material success if they adhered to a well-defined set of behaviors†(Trask). These behaviors were actions such as working hard, staying honest, and better educating ones self; much like the list that Gatsby made as a young boy. But with the boom of industrialization, came a trend of bootlegging and get rich quick schemes and unfortunately Gatsby became a victim of the era. As a matter of fact, Gatsby is not the only one who has suffered from this time of moral deterioration. Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby’s object of obsession, also is a victim of a society that allows her to not take responsibility for her actions. Daisy hides behind her public facade and her innocent carefree charm. Her husband Tom Buchanan has also manipulated the greedy, selfish social society that exists on East egg. Tom has no dreams or aspirations and â€Å"seeks excitement first in sport, then in infidelity, seeking identity in a book of racist political philosophy†(Wershoven). In a time of moral peril, each character is corrupted by a societal idea that taints their grasp of the â€Å"American Dream†. During Gatsby’s adolescent years, he has a clear and healthy mindset about what he wanted to accomplish in his life. Gatsby was self-motivated to make something of his life. But once he meets Daisy, Daisy becomes the embodiment of his dreams and the object of his obsession. As a young boy, growing up in North Dakota, Gatsby was motivated to be successful. Gatsby’s father said â€Å" Jimmy was bound to get ahead†. Even as a young adult, Gatsby refused to think of himself as an average person. Gatsby’s parents were â€Å"shiftless and unsuccessful† and Gatsby never â€Å" really accepted them as his parents at all. Instead Gatsby had a schedule of each day that would help him to attain his wealth. As Trask says, â€Å" He early decided that he could contemplate future glory. † Early on Gatsby embodies the ideals of society before the 1920s; he is determined and eager to work hard to independently reach success. This is until he meets Daisy, th e idea of Daisy is what sways Gatsby’s dreams off the right path. Gatsby met Daisy as a young man and hopelessly fell in love with her. However in the end, Daisy broke it off with Gatsby since he was not financially suitable for maintaining her lifestyle. It seems as though Gatsby never recovered from getting his heart broken by Daisy. As Nick says, â€Å" [Gatsby] had a extraordinary gift of hope- a romantic readiness such I have never found in any other person and which is not likely I shall find ever again†(2). Nick also says â€Å"Gatsby turned out alright at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-wind elations of men†(2). Indeed, it was the idea of winning Daisy’s love that drove Gatsby to his success. It corrupted his earlier ideas of working hard and saving his money; now he had to make money fast and resorted to bootlegging. Gatsby becomes frantic at the idea of coming wealthy and instead of slowly climbing up the success latter, he desperately and quickly makes money in any way he can so he can win Daisy back as quickly as possible. Gatsby became consumed with the idea of winning Daisy’s affection and rekindling their past romance. This is apparent when Gatsby describes their first kiss; â€Å"His heart beat faster and faster as Daisy’s white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions of her perishable breathe, his mind would never romp again like the mind of god. So he waited†¦Then he kissed her†¦and the incarnation was complete†(112). Gatsby is brought down by Daisy and the â€Å"refusal to see the nature of his own dreams†(Wershoven). Nick sums up Gatsby’s debacle perfectly when he says that perhaps Gatsby’s â€Å"dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in the vast obscurity. What nick says is true, Gatsby was so blinded by love that he could not see Daisy’s flaws and Gatsby ended up paying the ultimate price . As Trask says, Daisy could never become a â€Å"legitimate actualization of Gatsby’s illegitimate dream†(Trask). Among those who have distorted dreams, Daisy Buchanan might perhaps be the worst. Daisy is a selfish, rich girl w ho has never â€Å"been held responsible for her actions, for she embodies the pure freedom of endless choice without consequences†(Wershoven). Daisy has never had to concern herself with worrying about money or materialistic things. Daisy has always gotten things handed to her and would not want it any other way. Daisy takes advantage of the fact that she lives in a society that has put her on a pedistal, and allows her to â€Å"smash† up things without any consquences. Her attractive nature and charm has helped her support this type of lifestyle. Daisy cannot even fathom the idea of having to work for something and therefore she has a sense of entitlement to everything that is given to her. At first Daisy seems harmless and bored as she mindlessly wonders out loud what she will do with the rest of her days. But as the novel goes on, it becomes quite clear that Daisy is not what she seems. Daisy has become a master of manipulation in order to maintain her lavish lifestyle. She knows exactly how to agree with what society expects of her and knows how to dress and maintain her appearance. But despite her warm and inviting appearance, Daisy is quite cold and superficial. Daisy’s ideals of wealth and money lead her to live a superficial and meaningless life that wreaks havoc in the lives of the other characters. It is this love of money that led here to marry her husband Tom Buchanan. Instead of waiting for Gatsby to return to the war, Daisy just decides to marry Tom because of his wealth and promise of a lavish life. Tom even gives her a three-hundred thousand-dollar pearl necklace. Even this amount of money is not enough to ensure Daisy’s fidelity. As soon as Gatsby comes back into town, she begins to have an affair. Even after years of leading Gatsby on, she still breaks his heart when she says that she â€Å"loves them both. † This is when it comes apparent that Daisy will never leave Tom. For Daisy, even true love is not enough to make her change her lifestyle. Her love of money has made her cold and reckless when it comes to love. Another example of Daisy’s reckless nature is when Tom’s mistress, Myrtle Wilson, is killed. Daisy is perfectly content with letting Gatsby take the fall. Not one time does she even contemplate the idea of coming forward to take responsibility. Instead she hides behind her wealth and her appearance. As Wershoven puts it, â€Å"society helps to cover up the deed. † Daisy is an insatiable girl that has no need for validation by others. Daisy wants things and people but, â€Å"there is no space inside her that can be filled, no unfinished part of her can be completed by another†(Wershoven). Therefore, Daisy views people as at her disposal. This is ultimately the attitude that is responsible for Gatsby’s death. Daisy is so caught up in the materialistic needs of that time that she cannot value anything e else. She views everything she has as an accessory; even her own daughter. Were as most parents feel defined by their children’s lives, the reader almost forgets that Daisy even has a daughter at all. She only interacts with her child when it is convenient for her; and when it looks good in front of company. Daisy’s husband, Tom Buchanan is an ex- football star from the same college that Nick attended. Nick describes Tom as â€Å"one of those men that reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterwards savors anti-climax†(10). Tom falls victim to greed and cannot satisfy his need for more. As Wereshoven says: â€Å"Daisy and Tom are always looking for something, something new and better, for they are bored with the things they already bought. Daisy wonders what they’ll do each day, and the next day, identifying the dilemma of people who can have whatever they want, as soon as they want it† (Wershoven). Tom is in a perpetuating cycle of greed in which he still cannot find satisfaction. He seeks thrills through sports, literature and even infidelity and all fall short of the glory he had back in college. He shares the same kind of entitlement and ignorance as Daisy. Toms idea of good literature are books like the â€Å"The Rise of the Colored Empire† and even expresses to Nick his distress over the submersion of the white race. But even Tom’s attempts at sounding intelligent fall short and he ends up sounding ignorant and pretentious. Another telling thing about Tom is the way he treats the women in his life. While he appears to be happily married to Daisy, he still is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson. For months, Tom brings Myrtle to his apartment in New York and for months, Tom knowingly leads her on. Tom showers her with gifts and even buys her a dog and an expensive leash. However, Tom has no intention of ever leaving Daisy for Myrtle; someone of lower social status than him. But yet Myrtle is under the delusional impression that Tom will leave his wife for her; and she will at last be part of the social network she dreams of. Myrtle is so in love with this idea that in turn, she despises the life that she lives without Tom; including her husband, George Wilson. Tom is also the ultimate hypocrite. While he the first one to criticize Daisy and Gatsby’s affair, he himself is having an affair. When Tom finds out about Daisy’s affair, he confronts Gatsby and says I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and let Mr. Nobody from Nowhere make love to your wife. Well, if that's the idea then you can count me out† (137). He even claims that their affair is a â€Å"step toward inter-racial marriage. † Tom condemns his wife for her infidelity but describes his own as once in a while â€Å"going on a spree making a fool out of [himself], but [he] has always come back, and in [his] heart [he] loves her all the time†. Not only is Tom cheating with George Wilson’s wife, but he also acts as a bully toward George. George Wilson is an honest, good-hearted man and Tom just toys with him. Tom promises George that he will sell his car to him but he really never has any intention of doing so. George Wilson is depending on that money so he can start a new life out west and all Tom is doing is giving him empty promises. When George tries to bring up the subject to Tom, Tom gets offended and says â€Å"† Very well then, I won't sell you the car at all†¦ I'm under no obligations to you at all†¦ And as for your bothering me about it at lunch time I won't stand for that at all! † (122). Tom tries to find satisfaction by making George look like a fool and is amused by how easily he is able to do so. Just like Daisy, Tom has no remorse for the pain he inflicts in others. Overall the characters in The Great Gatsby, all embodied ideals that were emphasized in that time. Women were viewed as accessories and not yet contributing members of society. Women were still in charge of maintaining the home, especially in wealthy households, and concerned themselves with the small things. Daisy takes full advantage of this attitude and successfully gets away with murder. It is Daisy who corrupts J. Gatsby’s ideal of his American dream and instead of working hard, and â€Å"pulling himself up y his own bootstraps†, he resorts to crime in order to become rich quickly so that he can win Daisy back. Instead of working hard for his own self-success, he chases this idea of Daisy. And finally Tom, was a victim of his own insatiable appetite that he could not fulfill. In every aspect of his life, Tom wanted more. Tom held an ideal that was very common throughout the 1920s; that his money and high social class would be able to buy him anything in life. The idea of the American dream is wanting more for ones own life and becoming successful by hard honest work. All these characters shared the same sense of wanting more. But the had immoral ways of fulfilling their needs. Gatsby resorts to criminal activity in order to become wealthy. And Tom and Daisy resort to affairs in trying to satisfy their need for love. Unfortunately Gatsby is the one that pays the price in the end. Work Cited Trask, David F. â€Å"A Note on Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. † University Review. 3. 3 (Mar. 1967): 197-202. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 197-202. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 12 Oct. 2009 http://go. galegroup. com/ps/start. do? p=LitRC=a04fu Wershoven, Carol. â€Å"Insatiable Girls. † Child Brides and Intruders. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1993. 92-99. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Linda Pavlovski. Vol. 157. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 92-9 9. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 12 Oct. 2009 .

Eating Disorders and Sexual Abuse: Is there actually a relationship between them? Essay

Eating Disorders and the Individual Sexual abuse and eating disorders are often associated in the sense that the former is claimed to be the precursor of the latter. This is so because, according to various studies made, sexual abuse can actually have negative effects to its victims. Its effects are usually in the form of disturbing behavioral disorders which if not given ample attention and care may actually cause damage to the sexually abused victims.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For the purpose of this paper, it is the aim of the author to establish the relationship of sexual abuse and eating disorders. Likewise, provide evidences to the said claim that sexual abuse and eating disorders are interconnected. Moreover, the author would also like to cite what are the usual treatments and or approaches that are commonly used by professionals (i.e. therapists, psychologists) in addressing the eating disorders acquired through sexually abusive acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eating disorders are commonly described as a type of behavioral disorder. It is said that it would refer to any condition wherein an individual unconsciously engages oneself in activities that are by nature said to be compulsive obsession to food intake or weight. It also said that people with eating disorders lack the ability to accurately perceive one’s physical appearance that in effect may either cause that individual to compulsively overeat, eat in binges, which may or may not be followed by purging, or total avoidance or refuse to eat. These practices at first may actually be taken in a normal sense, however, if not given ample attention and immediate solution, may actually become detrimental or self-destructive for that individual. This is so because it deviates from the normal process of food intake and food intake procedures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At a deeper perspective and taking into consideration the nature of eating disorders, it can be said that this type of abnormality actually serves as an indicator that an individual may actually have serious problems in her personal life. Thus, eating disorders can actually be taken as mere manifestations and or reactions of that individual to whatever type of serious problem she may have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For us to fully understand the above-mentioned concept of eating disorders, let us take into account some of the most commonly known eating disorders, their nature, and their physical and or medical complications as well as its relation to sexual abusive acts. Types of Eating Disorders and Sexual Abuse:   Relationship Explored   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For us to better understand and associate as well as establish the relationship between eating disorders and sexual abuse let us first examine the types of eating disorders and then try to relate it to various sexual abusive acts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some of the most commonly known eating disorders would include Anorexia Nervosa, Binge eating or compulsive overeating, and Bulimia Nervosa while sexual abuse would include actions which involves rape, sexual assault, or sexual molestation. Anorexia Nervosa is said to be characterized by significant weight loss due to excessive dieting. Most people who are prone to have this type of eating disorder are those who have a strong desire to be thin and or those who have a great fear to become obese. A person who is anorexic would always consider herself fat no matter what her actual weight is.   Likewise, even if she is already underweight she may actually still entertain the thought that she is fat. Based on various studies made, anorexic people are observed to have the ultimate goal to achieve perfection. These people are usually those who feel compelled be always competent in everything that they do as well as set very high standards for themselves. Moreover, according to Thompson (1996), anorexic people are said to have very low self-esteem and that the area of food and weight are the only aspects in their lives that they can actually control.   Anorexia becomes very dangerous to an individual especially if not given immediate attention and ample care. This is so because this may actually cause the death of a person due to the person’s continuous practice of excessive dieting. Records would show that around 10 to 20 percent actually die due to complications related to it (Thompson, 1996). Women are not the only people who can acquire the anorexia nervosa. It also includes the men and children. How is anorexia nervosa related to sexual abuse? Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder and falls under the classification, type of behavioral disorder. As a behavioral disorder, the occurrence of such eating disorder may be actually coined from a traumatic experience that was encountered by the individual like that of sexual abuse. Sexual abusive acts cause the deterioration of a person’s self-esteem. Moreover, it creates obsession in the individual, the obsession to make herself unattractive to her abuser. Thinking that by making herself look thin and sickly would actually make her abuser stop from doing such action. Likewise, continuous experience of sexual abusive actions would actually lead to more serious problems which makes the individual perceive that the only solution to curtail to all the unfair treatments she is experiencing would be ending her life by committing suicide via self-starvation or death. The above-mentioned situation is actually different from the anorexia nervosa caused by other factors in terms of the purpose of engaging oneself in excessive dieting activities. The anorexia nervosa that is caused by other factors would always be for the purpose of improving one’s physical appearance, which is exactly the opposite of the purpose of those who are sexual abuse victims. Some would be actually obsessed with the need to starve oneself to make herself achieve the goal of becoming perfect in terms of body image or figure. This is actually true for those people who have developed within them the attitude of putting forth others opinions and or wants before oneself. Those who are often subjected to criticisms to wit: â€Å"you are so big or you are so fat!† or â€Å"you are gaining more weight now compared before†. This develops within the person the need to be thin or slim in order to hear compliments instead of criticisms from other people. Moreover, they think that by self-starving they would easily become thin or slim. This thinking could actually lead to a very serious health problem if not corrected immediately. However, compared to that of the experience of the sexual abuse victims, their cases are far graver and dangerous because of the very intense emotions that developed in them as a reaction to the very bad experience. Furthermore, due to the unacceptability of the said traumatic experience, the results that they want must abrupt thus enabling them to develop and instill within them the attitude of being impulsive in their decision-making and their actions. The sexually abused victim’s ability to discern the consequences of wrong actions is not given attention and or worst not given consideration at all, thus making death their ultimate goal and end. Also, it cannot also be gainsaid that development of physical and or medical complication occurs at a faster rate for the sexually abused victims compared to the other anorexic people. For those people who have compulsive overeating disorder (also known as Binge eating), it would be a different case compared to that of anorexia. People who are diagnosed to have binge eating disorders are that who often takes in large amounts of food and feels that they could not control themselves from doing so. This type of eating disorder is actually common to those people who are suffering from anxiety, loneliness, and or depression. These people embraced the attitude and the thinking that by eating large amounts of food the numbing of oneself is made possible. This actually enables them to block and or repress bad or depressing memories. For the case of sexually abused victims, some of them develop binge eating disorder as a result of their reaction to consistently stuff oneself to make themselves feel numb, numb from all the sexual acts done to them. Likewise, by eating large amounts they find a sense of comfort because for them this aids in the blocking or repression of bad memories. Also, this not only blocks bad memories but also enables them to make themselves unattractive to their abuser. Just like the anorexics, they actually think that by making themselves unattractive, the abuser would stop all the unjustifiable acts he is doing. Like anorexia, binge eating can also be detrimental to an individual’s health in the sense that the person or individual loses the capacity to think clearly and or decide on what type and amount of food that they take in, thus resulting to the possible occurrence of high blood, shortness of breath, hypertension etc. Bulimia Nervosa, which is actually similar to binge eating except for the involvement of purging, is observed to occur more often on people who have been sexually abused. What is bulimia nervosa and how is it different from the other two eating disorders mentioned earlier? Bulimia nervosa is actually binge eating but involve the getting rid of food that was take in, in the form of vomiting, laxative abuse, and or excessive exercising as per Dr. Rowan Peter. People who are usually diagnosed to have bulimia are actually those who do not feel secure or confident with their self worth. They usually need the approval of others. They actually have the tendency of giving preferential option to others even to the extent of depriving oneself from what she actually wants. They find a great deal of comfort in eating large amounts of food. Like binge eating, this actually enables them to block and or let out what they actually feel inside. How is it possible that sexual abuse and bulimia nervosa related? According to various case studies made, bulimia nervosa are developed on individuals who have been sexually abused as a result of the individual’s goal to repress oneself from bad memories obtained from the very traumatic experience encountered, which is actually similar to that of binge eating and sexual abuse in terms of relationship. Victims are compelled to make themselves appear unattractive to the eyes of their abuser. However, for bulimics purging actually aids in providing a sense of comfort in such a way that such activity allows them to let their feelings out. When they purge they feel relieved of the heavy burden they have and or it can be taken as a form of showing protest or disgust on the said unjust act. This is for those who employ the use of laxatives and other forms of purging tools. Eating Disorders and Sexual Abuse At Present   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not much information can be obtained regarding the actual relationship of eating disorders and sexual abuse. Based on the observations made by the other, most of the information published is actually just presenting the various possible links and angles of the relation between eating disorders and sexual abuse. Due to the fact that eating disorder is regarded as a type of behavioral disorder, it can be said that sexual abuse does cause eating disorders.   Such claim has been proven by studies made on the relationship of both. However, only estimates on the percentage of cases can be taken into accounts since most of the victims of such abuse opt not to discuss their painful experiences as a form of protection of oneself from embarrassment and other feelings of even nature. In short, such bad experience develops within them a sense of powerlessness. Sexual abuse victims are often found to use the various types of eating disorders discussed earlier as a tool for them to protect themselves, to enable them to have comfort and or feel numb. They try to forget their experience by way of stuffing oneself with food. Eating disorders actually become an avenue for them to express themselves. Some of the victims of sexual abuse tend to become bulimics or compulsive eaters and based on observations made, the victims regards food as their only source of comfort. This is so because the food that they take in does not hurt them, yell at them, etc.   Food becomes their ultimate provider of security and comfort. Others, on the other hand, would stuff themselves with food thinking that this would actually put a stop to the sexual abuse they are experiencing, by making themselves unattractive to the abuser. For the case of those victims who have become anorexic, by fasting and or excessive dieting they also make themselves unattractive to their abusers while some would think that this would be the easiest way to end all the bad things that they are experiencing. By not eating, they believe that they could easily die, thus putting an end to all the abuses being experienced by the victims. However, between the bulimia and anorexia, records would show that the people who have developed bulimia nervosa are usually the ones reported to have suffered from sexual abuse (www.sheenasplace.org).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Treatments/ Approaches Used for Sexually Abused Victims with Eating Disorders There are various treatments and or approaches that are being used to treat or cure eating disorders caused by sexual abuses. Due to the sensitivity of their case, the victims are taken to a place wherein the victims are far away from their abusers. They are taken to a safe environment with a therapist whom they like, feel comfortable with, somebody whom they can actually trust. Victims are not forced to spill out the details of their experience. They let the victims themselves be the one to voluntarily tell them everything that happened. Since this type of traumatic experience entails very intense emotions, it brings about eating disorders that could actually lead to an out of hand case. But this would be the best time to give them the ample time and attention that is needed. Likewise, due to the severity of some cases victims may be required to be confined in the hospital for treatment. Moreover, there are also cases wherein their families are also becomes involved in the treatment process especially in those cases wherein a family member have been involved in the said abuse. Therapists usually use counseling and medications to cure the eating disorders acquired by the victims. The most common and effective type of approach being used in addressing the eating disorder problems that are related to sexual abuse cases is counseling. This is so because counseling as an approach has a personal touch by nature. It enables the sexually abused victim to comfortably relay to her counselor the details of the frightful event that she experienced. Likewise, with the continuous counseling sessions trust can easily established because through constant meetings enabling the person to become more comfortable in discussing as well as facing and accepting the reality of what actually happened to her. It involves the boosting of the individual’s self-esteem and confidence that actually leads the individual to realizing that there is still hope and room for change, that it is not the end of the world. This brings the person to a relatively higher plane and enables her to move on. Medications and hospitalization, on the other hand, are usually given to those people whose cases have extremely gone out of hand such as those people who have suicidal tendencies. Furthermore, the families of the victims play a very vital role in their full recovery.   This is so because the family’s support facilitates encouragement and heightens the individual’s faith and hope for a new life. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In totality, it can be said that sexual abuse and eating disorders have an indirect type of relationship. This is so because an eating disorder may be caused by other behavioral disturbances and or other factors such as culture and the like other than sexual abuse. Likewise, most of the people who have eating disorders caused by sexual abuse are primarily comprised of women. This is so because women are the usual the victims of sexual abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In terms of availability of information to establish the actual relationship of the two, it cannot be left unnoticed that there are only a few sources or information available. This is so primarily due to the confidentiality and sensitivity of the situation. People who have been actually abused restrict themselves from being subjected to interrogation by others regarding their traumatic experience. This is so because they feel ashamed of their unacceptable and unexpected fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sexual abuse among the other forms of abuses is said to be the most detrimental type of abuse because of the bad memories entailed by it. It distorts the soundness of the individual’s spiritual, psychological, emotional, and social being. It permits the development of eating disorders in an individual as an initial form of reaction to the said unjust and immoral act. Works Cited Becker, E.L. (ed) (1986) ‘Wiley’s International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology’ NewYork, Chichester; Wiley. Binge eating disorders. Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia. http://adam.about.com/reports/000049_7.htm Eating Disorders: Anorexia and Bulimia. http://www.reutershealth.com Eating Disorder: Definition.